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Background and Philosophy

Trained in a cornea fellowship at Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México, IAP Hospital.  I had the opportunity to be exposed to and challenged by a large number and wide variety of extreme corneal conditions coming from throughout Mexico and all of Latin America. Even then I was very frustrated by the limited number of options to treat conditions which threatened to deteriorate and destroy tissue vital to sight, especially keratoconus.

An interest in refractive took me to work with Arturo Chyet where I was exposed to the forefront of technology and thinking in refractive surgery, including laser technologies only now considered breakthrough and to ICR’s many years prior to even their initial European commercialization in 1997. Frankly, I became interested in pursuing ICR’s as an option for weakened corneas when confronted by unexplainable ectasias from some of my own Lasik patients.

I wanted to find a way to help the relative few that I had, especially since the town of Agua Prieta isn’t all that big and some of these people were individuals who I or members of my family would see every day. I’m sorry just wasn’t good enough. Having followed the literature from Dr. Colin, and others fairly closely, I decided to try Intacs first in some ectasia and severe keratoconus cases. To my satisfaction the patients improved significantly in all of my initial cases. But even then I felt there might be a way to improve on the outcomes a bit more.

This is when confronted with post procedure monocular dyplopia in my first patient using the horizontal ICR placement with two different sized ICR’s described by Colin I theorized that if I repositioned the inserts to lay within the flat meridian (highest elevation) we would gain more overall refractive effect without negative implications. In my first patient who was then 3 months from the initial surgery I was able to perform a careful in vivo repositioning of the inserts to align them as described in the steep axis technique. Results were immediate. The patients astigmatism improved substantially and complaints of dyplopia disappeared. I completed similar repositioning on the remainder of my initial five patients with similar results.

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Contents

Swanson's Background

Who is an ideal candidate?

Leading Pioneers

Steep Axis Technique

Case Profiles & Results

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